LM26480
LDO1_FB
VOUTLDO2
GND_L
VOUTLDO1
ENLDO1
LDO2_FB
VIN1
SW1
FB1
VINLDO2
SW2
FB2
VIN2
GND_SW2
10 µF
ENSW1
2.2 µH
ENSW2
GND_SW1
VINLDO1
SYNC
nPOR
ENLDO2
GND_C AVDD
VINLDO12
R1
R2
0.47 µF
0.47 µF
1 µF
R2
R1
1 µF
10 µF
R2
C2
C1 R1
R1 10 µF
2.2 µH
10 µF
1 µF
R2
C1
C2
1 µF
100 kŸ
DAP
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An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM26480-Q1
SNVSA58C JANUARY 2015REVISED NOVEMBER 2017
LM26480-Q1 Dual 2-MHz, 1.5-A Buck Regulators and Dual 300-mA LDOs
With Individual Enable and Power Good for Automotive Applications
1
1 Features
1 Qualified for Automotive Applications
AEC Q100-Qualified With the Following Results
Device Temperature Grade 1: –40°C to
+125°C Ambient Operating Temperature
Range
Input Voltage: 2.8 V to 5.5 V
Compatible with Advanced Applications
Processors and FPGAs
Two LDOs for Powering Internal Processor
Functions and I/Os
Precision Internal Reference
Thermal Overload Protection
Current Overload Protection
External Power-On-Reset Function for Buck1 and
Buck2
Undervoltage Lockout Detector to Monitor Input
Supply Voltage
Step-Down DC-DC Converters (Buck)
1.5-A Output Current
VOUT from:
Buck1 : 0.8 V to 2 V at 1.5 A
Buck2 : 1 V to 3.3 V at 1.5 A
Up to 96% efficiency
±3% FB Voltage Accuracy
2-MHz PWM Switching Frequency
PWM-to-PFM Automatic Mode Change Under
Low Loads
Automatic Soft Start
Linear Regulators (LDO)
VOUT of 1 V to 3.5 V
±3% FB Voltage Accuracy
300-mA Output Current
25-mV (Typical) Dropout
2 Applications
Core Digital Power
Applications Processors
Peripheral I/O Power
3 Description
The LM26480-Q1 is an automotive-qualified multi-
functional power management unit (PMU), optimized
for low-power digital applications. This device
integrates two highly efficient 1.5-A step-down DC-
DC converters and two 300-mA linear regulators. The
DC-DC buck converters provide typical efficiencies of
96%, allowing for minimal power consumption.
Features include soft start, undervoltage lockout,
current overload protection, thermal overload
protection, and an internal power-on-reset (POR)
circuit, which monitors the output voltage levels on
bucks 1 and 2.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
LM26480-Q1 WQFN (24) 4.00 mm × 4.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
space
Simplified Schematic
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Table of Contents
1 Features.................................................................. 1
2 Applications ........................................................... 1
3 Description............................................................. 1
4 Revision History..................................................... 2
5 Device Comparison Tables................................... 3
6 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 4
7 Specifications......................................................... 5
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 5
7.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 5
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions: Bucks........... 5
7.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 5
7.5 General Electrical Characteristics............................. 6
7.6 Low Dropout Regulators, LDO1 and LDO2.............. 6
7.7 Buck Converters SW1, SW2..................................... 7
7.8 I/O Electrical Characteristics..................................... 8
7.9 Power On Reset Threshold/Function (POR)............. 8
7.10 Typical Characteristics LDO............................... 9
7.11 Typical Characteristics Buck 2.8 V to 5.5 V..... 10
7.12 Typical Characteristics Bucks 1 and 2............. 11
7.13 Typical Characteristics Buck 3.6 V................... 12
8 Detailed Description............................................ 13
8.1 Overview................................................................. 13
8.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................... 13
8.3 Feature Description................................................. 14
8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 21
9 Application and Implementation ........................ 22
9.1 Application Information............................................ 22
9.2 Typical Application ................................................. 24
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 31
11 Layout................................................................... 31
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 31
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 32
12 Device and Documentation Support................. 33
12.1 Device Support .................................................... 33
12.2 Documentation Support ....................................... 33
12.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates 33
12.4 Community Resources.......................................... 33
12.5 Trademarks........................................................... 33
12.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 33
12.7 Glossary................................................................ 33
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information........................................................... 33
4 Revision History
Changes from Revision B (December 2016) to Revision C Page
Deleted the maximum lead temperature (soldering) from the Absolute Maximum Ratings table.......................................... 5
Changed the PBUCK1 and PBUCK2 equations in the Junction Temperature section........................................................ 25
Changed the Electrostatic Discharge Caution statement .................................................................................................... 33
Changes from Revision A (June 2016) to Revision B Page
Changed data sheet title; add content to Description section ............................................................................................... 1
Changes from Original (January 2016) to Revision A Page
Added top navigator icon ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Changed "θn" to "eN" as symbol for supply output noise in Low Dropout Regulators EC table............................................. 6
3
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5 Device Comparison Tables
Table 1. Default Options
ORDER SUFFIX SPEC OSCILLATOR
FREQUENCY BUCK MODES nPOR DELAY UVLO SYNC AECQ
QSQ-AA NOPB 2 MHz Auto-Mode 60 mS Enabled Disabled Grade 1
QSQ-CF NOPB 2.1 MHz Forced PWM 60 mS Disabled Disabled Grade 1
QSQ-8D NOPB 2.1 MHz Forced PWM 130 µS Enabled Disabled Grade 1
Table 2. Power Block Operation
POWER BLOCK INPUT ENABLED DISABLED NOTE
VINLDO12 VIN+ VIN+ Always Powered
AVDD VIN+ VIN+ Always Powered
VIN1 VIN+ VIN+ or 0V
VIN2 VIN+ VIN+ or 0V
VINLDO1 VIN+ VIN+ If Enabled, minimum VIN is 1.74 V
VINLDO2 VIN+ VIN+ If Enabled, minimum VIN is 1.74 V
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
20
19
24
23
22
1 2 3 4 5 6
131418 17 16 15
4
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(1) A: Analog Pin, G: Ground Pin, P: Power Pin, I: Input Pin, O: Output Pin, D: Digital.
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
RTW Package
24-Pin WQFN
Top View
Pin Functions
PIN I/O TYPE(1) DESCRIPTION
NO. NAME
1 VINLDO12 I P Analog power for internal functions (VREF, BIAS, I2C, Logic)
2 SYNC I G/(D) Frequency synchronization pin, which allows the user to connect an external clock signal
to synchronize the PMIC internal oscillator. Default OFF and must be grounded when not
used.
3 NPOR O D nPOR Power on reset pin for both Buck1 and Buck 2. Open drain logic output 100-kΩ
pullup resistor. nPOR is pulled to ground when the voltages on these supplies are not
good. See Flexible Power-On Reset (Power Good with Delay) for more information.
4 GND_SW1 G G Buck1 NMOS power ground
5 SW1 O P Buck1 switcher output pin
6 VIN1 I P Power in from either DC source or battery to Buck1
7 ENSW1 I D Enable pin for Buck1 switcher, a logic HIGH enables Buck1. Pin cannot be left floating.
8 FB1 I A Buck1 input feedback terminal
9 GND_C G G Non-switching core ground pin
10 AVDD I P Analog Power for Buck converters
11 FB2 I A Buck2 input feedback terminal
12 ENSW2 I D Enable pin for Buck2 switcher, a logic HIGH enables Buck2. Pin cannot be left floating.
13 VIN2 I P Power in from either DC source or Battery to Buck2
14 SW2 O P Buck2 switcher output pin
15 GND_SW2 G G Buck2 NMOS
16 ENLDO2 I D LDO2 enable pin, a logic HIGH enables LDO2. Pin cannot be left floating.
17 ENLDO1 I D LDO1 enable pin, a logic HIGH enables LDO1. Pin cannot be left floating.
18 GND_L G G LDO ground
19 VINLDO1 I P Power in from either DC source or battery to LDO1
20 LDO1 O P LDO1 Output
21 FBL1 I A LDO1 feedback terminal
22 FBL2 I A LDO2 feedback terminal
23 LDO2 O P LDO output
24 VINLDO2 I P Power in from either DC source or battery to LDO2.
DAP DAP G G Connection is not necessary for electrical performance, but it is recommended for better
thermal dissipation.
5
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(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions: Bucks. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
(3) In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may
have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP =
125°C), the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the
part/package in the application (RθJA), as given by the following equation: TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP (RθJA × PD-MAX). See Application and
Implementation.
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)(2)
MIN MAX UNIT
VINLDO12, VIN1, AVDD, VIN2, VINLDO1, VINLDO2, ENSW1, FB1, FB2, ENSW2, ENLDO1,
ENLDO2, SYNC, FBL1, FBL2 0.3 6 V
GND to GND SLUG ±0.3
Power dissipation, PD_MAX (TA= 85°C, TMAX = 125°C)(3) 1.17 W
Junction temperature, TJ-MAX 150 °C
Storage temperature, Tstg 65 150 °C
(1) AEC Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification.
7.2 ESD Ratings VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per AEC Q100-002(1) ±2000 V
Charged-device model (CDM), per AEC Q100-011 ±750
(1) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power
dissipation exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions: Bucks
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN NOM MAX UNIT
VIN 2.8 5.5 V
VEN 0 (VIN + 0.3 V)
Junction temperature, TJ–40 125 °C
Ambient temperature, TA(1) –40 125 °C
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
7.4 Thermal Information
THERMAL METRIC(1) LM26480-Q1
UNITRTW (WQFN)
24 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 32.7 °C/W
RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 31.2 °C/W
RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 11.2 °C/W
ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 0.2 °C/W
ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 11.2 °C/W
RθJC(bot) Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance 0.4 °C/W
6
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(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
(3) Minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) limits are specified by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers represent the most
likely norm.
(4) VPOR is voltage at which the EPROM resets. This is different from the UVLO on VINLDO12, which is the voltage at which the
regulators shut off; and is also different from the nPOR function, which signals if the regulators are in a specified range.
(5) Specified by design. Not production tested.
7.5 General Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V. Values and limits apply for TJ= 25°C.(1)(2)(3)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
IQVINLDO12 shutdown current VIN = 3.6 V 0.5 µA
VPOR Power-on reset threshold VDD falling edge(4) 1.9 V
TSD Thermal shutdown threshold See(5) 160 °C
TSDH Thermal shutdown hysteresis See(5) 20
UVLO Undervoltage lockout Rising 2.9 V
Failing 2.7
(1) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
(2) Minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) limits are specified by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical (TYP) numbers represent the
most likely norm.
(3) CIN, COUT: Low-ESR Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) used in setting electrical characteristics.
(4) The device maintains a stable, regulated output voltage without a load.
(5) Pins 24, 19 can operate from VIN min of 1.74 V to a VIN max of 5.5 V. This rating is only for the series pass PMOS power FET. It allows
the system design to use a lower voltage rating if the input voltage comes from a buck output.
(6) VIN minimum for line regulation values is 1.8 V.
(7) Dropout voltage is the voltage difference between the input and the output at which the output voltage drops to 100 mV below its
nominal value.
7.6 Low Dropout Regulators, LDO1 and LDO2
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 0.47 µF, and values and limits apply for TJ= 25°C, unless otherwise
specified. (1)(2)(3)(4)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VIN Operational voltage range VINLDO1 and VINLDO2 PMOS pins(5)
TJ=40°C to 125°C 1.74 5.5 V
VFB FB voltage accuracy TJ=40°C to 125°C –3% 3%
ΔVOUT
Line regulation VIN = (VOUT + 0.3 V) to 5 V(6)
Load current = 1 mA
TJ=40°C to 125°C 0.15 %/V
Load regulation VIN = 3.6 V, TJ=40°C to 125°C
Load current = 1 mA to IMAX 0.011 %/mA
ISC Short circuit current limit LDO1-2, VOUT = 0 V 500 mA
VIN VOUT Dropout voltage Load current = 50 mA(7) 25 mV
Load current = 50 mA(7)
TJ=40°C to 125°C 200
PSRR Power supply ripple rejection F = 10 kHz, load current = IMAX 45 dB
eNSupply output noise 10 Hz < F < 100 kHz 150 µVRMS
IQ
Quiescent current on IOUT = 0 mA 40
µA
IOUT = 0 mA, 40°C TJ125°C 150
Quiescent current on IOUT = 300 mA 60
IOUT = 300 mA, 40°C TJ125°C 200
Quiescent current off EN is de-asserted 0.03 1 µA
TON Turnon time Start-up from shutdown 300 µsec
7
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Low Dropout Regulators, LDO1 and LDO2 (continued)
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 0.47 µF, and values and limits apply for TJ= 25°C, unless otherwise
specified. (1)(2)(3)(4)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
COUT Output capacitor
Capacitance for stability 0°C TJ125°C 0.47 µF40°C TJ125°C 0.33
40°C TJ125°C 0.68 1
Equivalent series resistance (ESR)
TJ=40°C to 125°C 5 500 m
(1) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
(2) Minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) limits are specified by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical (TYP) numbers represent the
most likely norm.
(3) CIN, COUT: Low-ESR Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) used in setting electrical characteristics.
(4) The device maintains a stable, regulated output voltage without a load.
(5) VIN VOUT + RDSON(P) (IOUT + 1/2 IRIPPLE). If these conditions are not met, voltage regulation will degrade as load increases.
(6) Quiescent current is defined here as the difference in current between the input voltage source and the load at VOUT.
7.7 Buck Converters SW1, SW2
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V, CIN = 10 µF, COUT = 10 µF, LOUT = 2.2 µH, and limits apply for TJ= 25°C, unless
otherwise specified.(1) (2)(3)(4)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VFB(5) Feedback voltage 3% 3%
VOUT Line regulation 2.8 V < VIN < 5.5 V
IOUT = 10 mA 0.089 %/V
Load regulation 100 mA < IOUT < IMAX 0.0013 %/mA
Eff Efficiency Load current = 250 mA 96%
ISHDN Shutdown supply current EN is de-asserted 0.01 1 µA
ƒOSC Internal oscillator frequency
Default oscillator frequency = 2 MHz 1.6 2 2.4
MHz
Default oscillator frequency = 2.1 MHz 2.1 2.5
Default oscillator frequency = 2.1 MHz
TJ=40°C to 125°C 1.7
IPEAK
Buck1 peak switching current
limit 2 2.4 A
Buck2 peak switching current
limit 2 2.4
IQQuiescent current on(6) No load PFM mode 33 µA
No load PWM mode (forced PWM) 2 mA
RDSON (P) Pin-pin resistance PFET 200 400 m
RDSON (N) Pin-pin resistance NFET 180 400
TON Turnon time Start-up from shutdown 500 µsec
CIN Input capacitor Capacitance for stability 10 µF
COUT Output capacitor Capacitance for stability 10
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7.8 I/O Electrical Characteristics
Limits apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, TJ=40°C to +125°C.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VIL Input low level 0.4 V
VIH Input high level 0.7 × VDD
7.9 Power On Reset Threshold/Function (POR)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
nPOR nPOR = Power-on reset for Buck1
and Buck2 Default = 60 ms 60 ms
Default = 130 µs 130 µs
nPOR
Threshold Percentage of target voltage Buck1
or Buck2 VBUCK1 AND VBUCK2 rising 92%
VBUCK1 OR VBUCK2 falling 82%
VOL Output level low Load = IOL = 500 µA 0.23 0.5 V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VOUT CHANGE (%)
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-50 -35 -20 -5 10 25 40 55 70 85 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VOUT CHANGE (%)
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-50 -35 -20 -5 10 25 40 55 70 85 100
9
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7.10 Typical Characteristics LDO
VIN = 3.6 V VOUT = 2.5 V Load = 100 mA
Figure 1. Output Voltage Change vs Temperature (LDO1)
VIN = 3.6 V VOUT = 1.8 V Load = 100 mA
Figure 2. Output Voltage Change vs Temperature (LDO2)
VIN = 3.6 V VOUT = 2.5 V Load = 0 to 150 mA
Figure 3. Load Transient
VIN = 3.6 V VOUT = 2.5 V Load = 150 to 300
mA
Figure 4. Load Transient
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V VOUT = 2.5 V Load = 100 mA
Figure 5. Line Transient (LDO1)
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V VOUT = 1.8 V Load = 150 mA
Figure 6. Line Transient (LDO2)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT (V)
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.02
2.01
2.00
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
LOAD = 750 mA
LOAD = 1.5A
LOAD = 20 mA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT (V)
3.090
3.080
3.070
3.060
3.050
3.040
4.0 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.5
LOAD = 750 mA
LOAD = 1.5A
LOAD = 20 mA
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (nA)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
VIN = 3.6V
VIN = 5.5V
VIN = 2.8V
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT (V)
1.250
1.245
1.240
1.235
1.230
1.225
1.220
1.215
1.210
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
LOAD = 750 mA
LOAD = 1.5A
LOAD = 20 mA
10
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7.11 Typical Characteristics Buck 2.8 V to 5.5 V
VIN = 2.8 V to 5.5 V, TA= 25°C
Figure 7. Shutdown Current vs. Temp
VOUT = 1.2 V
Figure 8. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
VOUT = 2 V
Figure 9. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
VOUT = 3 V
Figure 10. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
1 10 100 1000 10000
VIN = 5.5V
VIN = 4.2V
VIN = 3.6V
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
90
80
70
60
501 10 100 1000 10000
VIN = 4.2V
VIN = 5.5V
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
1 10 100 1000 10000
VIN = 5.5V
VIN = 3.6V
VIN = 2.8V
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
1 10 100 1000 10000
VIN = 2.8V VIN = 3.6V
VIN = 5.5V
11
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7.12 Typical Characteristics Bucks 1 and 2
Output current transitions from PFM mode to PWM mode for Buck 1.
VOUT = 1.2 V L = 2.2 µH
Figure 11. Efficiency vs. Output Current
VOUT = 2 V L = 2.2 µH
Figure 12. Efficiency vs. Output Current
Output Current transitions from PWM mode to PFM mode for Buck 2.
VOUT = 3 V L = 2.2 µH
Figure 13. Efficiency vs. Output Current
VOUT = 3.5 V L = 2.2 µH
Figure 14. Efficiency vs. Output Current
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7.13 Typical Characteristics Buck 3.6 V
VIN= 3.6 V, TA= 25°C, VOUT = 1.2 V unless otherwise noted
VOUT = 1.2 V (PWM Mode)
Figure 15. Load Transient Response
VOUT = 1.2 V (PWM To PFM)
Figure 16. Mode Change By Load Transients
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V VOUT = 1.2 V Load = 250 mA
Figure 17. Line Transient Response
VIN = 3 to 3.6 V VOUT = 3 V Load = 250 mA
Figure 18. Line Transient Response
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The LM26480-Q1 is a multi-functional power management unit (PMU), optimized for low-power digital
applications. This device integrates two highly efficient 1.5-A step-down DC-DC converters and two 300-mA
linear regulators.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
VIN
ENLDO
VLDO
GND
VREF
LDO_FB
+
±
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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 DC-DC Converters
The LM26480-Q1 provides the DC-DC converters that supply the various power needs of the application by
means of two linear low dropout regulators, LDO1 and LDO2, and two buck converters, SW1 and SW2. Table 3
lists the output characteristics of the various regulators.
Table 3. Supply Specification
SUPPLY LOAD OUTPUT
VOUT RANGE (V) IMAX
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
LDO1 analog 1 to 3.5 300
LDO2 analog 1 to 3.5 300
SW1 digital 0.8 to 2 1500
SW2 digital 1 to 3.3 1500
8.3.1.1 Linear Low Dropout Regulators (LDOs)
LDO1 and LDO2 are identical linear regulators targeting analog loads characterized by low noise requirements.
LDO1 and LDO2 are enabled through the ENLDO pin.
Figure 19. LDO Block Diagram
8.3.1.1.1 No-Load Stability
The LDOs remain stable and in regulation with no external load. This is an important consideration in some
circuits, for example, CMOS RAM keep-alive applications.
8.3.1.2 SW1, SW2: Synchronous Step-Down Magnetic DC-DC Converters
8.3.1.2.1 Functional Description
The LM26480-Q1 incorporates two high-efficiency synchronous switching buck regulators, SW1 and SW2, that
deliver a constant voltage from a single Li-Ion battery to the portable system processors. Using a voltage mode
architecture with synchronous rectification, both bucks have the ability to deliver up to 1500 mA depending on the
input voltage and output voltage (voltage headroom), and the inductor chosen (maximum current capability).
There are three modes of operation depending on the current required: PWM, PFM, and shutdown. PWM mode
handles current loads of approximately 70 mA or higher, delivering voltage precision of ±3% with 90% efficiency
or better. Lighter output current loads cause the device to automatically switch into PFM for reduced current
consumption (IQ= 33 µA typical) and a longer battery life. The Standby operating mode turns off the device,
offering the lowest current consumption. PWM or PFM mode is selected automatically or PWM mode can be
forced through the setting of the buck control register.
Both SW1 and SW2 can operate up to a 100% duty cycle (PMOS switch always on) for low drop out control of
the output voltage. In this way the output voltage will be controlled down to the lowest possible input voltage.
VIN
160:
IMODE < 66 mA )
(Typically +
-VOUT
L
VIN - VOUT
L
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Additional features include soft-start, undervoltage lockout, current overload protection, and thermal overload
protection.
The enable signal may be employed immediately after VIN is applied to the device. However, VIN must be stable
for approximately 8 ms before enable single be asserted high to ensure internal bias, reference, and the flexible
POR timing are stabilized. This initial delay is necessary only upon first time device power on.
8.3.1.2.2 Circuit Operation Description
A buck converter contains a control block, a switching PFET connected between input and output, a synchronous
rectifying NFET connected between the output and ground (BCKGND pin) and a feedback path. During the first
portion of each switching cycle, the control block turns on the internal PFET switch. This allows current to flow
from the input through the inductor to the output filter capacitor and load. The inductor limits the current to a
ramp with a slope of
(1)
by storing energy in a magnetic field. During the second portion of each cycle, the control block turns the PFET
switch off, blocking current flow from the input, and then turns the NFET synchronous rectifier on. The inductor
draws current from ground through the NFET to the output filter capacitor and load, which ramps the inductor
current down with a slope of
(2)
The output filter stores charge when the inductor current is high, and releases it when low, smoothing the voltage
across the load.
8.3.1.2.3 PWM Operation
During PWM operation the converter operates as a voltage-mode controller with input voltage feed forward. This
allows the converter to achieve excellent load and line regulation. The DC gain of the power stage is proportional
to the input voltage. To eliminate this dependence, feed forward voltage inversely proportional to the input
voltage is introduced.
8.3.1.2.4 Internal Synchronous Rectification
While in PWM mode, the buck uses an internal NFET as a synchronous rectifier to reduce rectifier forward
voltage drop and associated power loss. Synchronous rectification provides a significant improvement in
efficiency whenever the output voltage is relatively low compared to the voltage drop across an ordinary rectifier
diode.
8.3.1.2.5 Current Limiting
A current limit feature allows the converter to protect itself and external components during overload conditions.
PWM mode implements current limiting using an internal comparator that trips at 2 A for both bucks (typical). If
the output is shorted to ground the device enters a timed current limit mode where the NFET is turned on for a
longer duration until the inductor current falls below a low threshold, ensuring inductor current has more time to
decay, thereby preventing runaway.
8.3.1.2.6 PFM Operation
At very light loads, the converter enters PFM mode and operates with reduced switching frequency and supply
current to maintain high efficiency.
The part will automatically transition into PFM mode when either of two conditions occurs for a duration of 32 or
more clock cycles:
1. The inductor current becomes discontinuous, or
2. The peak PMOS switch current drops below the IMODE level.
(3)
High PFM Threshold
~1.016 × VOUT
Low1 PFM Threshold
~1.008 × VOUT
PFM Mode at Light Load
PWM Mode at Moderate to
Heavy Loads
Pfet on
until
Ipfm limit
reached
Nfet on
drains
inductor
current
until
I inductor = 0
High PFM
Voltage
Threshold
reached,
go into
sleep mode
Low PFM
Threshold,
turn on
PFET
Current load
increases,
draws Vout
towards
Low2 PFM
Threshold
Low2 PFM Threshold,
switch back to PWMmode
Load current
increases
Low2 PFM Threshold
VOUT
Z-Axis
VIN
80:
IPFM = 66 mA +
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During PFM operation, the converter positions the output voltage slightly higher than the nominal output voltage
during PWM operation, allowing additional headroom for voltage drop during a load transient from light to heavy
load. The PFM comparators sense the output voltage via the feedback pin and control the switching of the output
FETs such that the output voltage ramps between 0.8% and 1.6% (typical) above the nominal PWM output
voltage. If the output voltage is below the ‘high’ PFM comparator threshold, the PMOS power switch is turned on.
It remains on until the output voltage exceeds the high PFM threshold or the peak current exceeds the IPFM level
set for PFM mode. The typical peak current in PFM mode is:
(4)
Once the PMOS power switch is turned off, the NMOS power switch is turned on until the inductor current ramps
to zero. When the NMOS zero-current condition is detected, the NMOS power switch is turned off. If the output
voltage is below the ‘high’ PFM comparator threshold (see Figure 20), the PMOS switch is again turned on and
the cycle is repeated until the output reaches the desired level. Once the output reaches the ‘high’ PFM
threshold, the NMOS switch is turned on briefly to ramp the inductor current to zero and then both output
switches are turned off and the part enters an extremely low power mode. Quiescent supply current during this
‘sleep’ mode is less than 30 µA, which allows the part to achieve high efficiencies under extremely light load
conditions. When the output drops below the low PFM threshold, the cycle repeats to restore the output voltage
to approximately 1.6% above the nominal PWM output voltage.
If the load current should increase during PFM mode (see Figure 20) causing the output voltage to fall below the
‘low2’ PFM threshold, the part will automatically transition into fixed-frequency PWM mode.
8.3.1.2.7 SW1, SW2 Control
SW1 and SW2 are enabled/disabled through the external enable pins.
The Modulation mode PWM/PFM is by default automatic and depends on the load (see Functional Description).
The modulation mode can be factory trimmed, forcing the buck to operate in PWM mode regardless of the load
condition.
Figure 20. PWM/PFM Modulation
8.3.1.2.8 Shutdown Mode
During shutdown the PFET switch, reference, control and bias circuitry of the converters are turned off. The
NFET switch will be on in shutdown to discharge the output. When the converter is enabled, soft start is
activated. Disabling the converter during the system power up and undervoltage conditions is recommended
when the supply is less than 2.8 V.
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8.3.1.2.9 Soft Start
The soft-start feature allows the power converter to gradually reach the initial steady state operating point, thus
reducing start-up stresses and surges. The two LM26480-Q1 buck converters have a soft-start circuit that limits
in-rush current during start-up. During start-up the switch current limit is increased in steps. Soft start is activated
only if EN goes from logic low to logic high after VIN reaches 2.8 V. Soft start is implemented by increasing switch
current limit in steps of 250 mA, 500 mA, 950 mA, and 2 A for both bucks (typical switch current limit). The start-
up time thereby depends on the output capacitor and load current demanded at start-up.
8.3.1.2.10 Low Dropout Operation
The LM26480-Q1 can operate at 100% duty cycle (no switching; PMOS switch completely on) for low dropout
support of the output voltage. In this way the output voltage will be controlled down to the lowest possible input
voltage. When the device operates near 100% duty cycle, output voltage ripple is approximately 25 mV. The
minimum input voltage needed to support the output voltage is
VIN, MIN = ILOAD × (RDSON, PFET + RINDUCTOR)+VOUT
where
ILOAD = Load current
RDSON, PFET = Drain to source resistance of PFET switch in the triode region
RINDUCTOR = Inductor resistance (5)
8.3.1.2.11 Flexible Power-On Reset (Power Good with Delay)
The LM26480-Q1 is equipped with an internal Power-On-Reset (POR) circuit which monitors the output voltage
levels on bucks 1 and 2. The nPOR is an open drain logic output which is logic LOW when either of the buck
outputs are below 92% of the rising value, or when one or both outputs fall below 82% of the desired value. The
time delay between output voltage level and nPOR is enabled is (130 µs, 60 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms), 60 ms by
default. For any other delay option, other than the default, please consult a Texas Instruments Sales
Representative. The system designer can choose the external pull-up resistor (value such as 100 k) for the
nPOR pin.
NPOR
RDY1
RDY2 0V
Case 1 t1
Counter
delay
t2
EN1
EN2
Counter
delay
EN1
0V
EN2
RDY1
RDY2
NPOR
EN1
t1 t2
t1 t2
EN2
RDY1
RDY2 Counter
delay
NPOR
Case 2
Case 3
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Figure 21. nPOR with Counter Delay
Figure 21 shows the simplest application of the POR where both switcher enables are tied together. In Case 1,
EN1 causes nPOR to transition LOW and triggers the nPOR delay counter. If the power supply for Buck2 does
not come on within that period, nPOR will stay LOW, indicating a power fail mode. Case 2 indicates the vice
versa scenario if Buck1 supply did not come on. In both cases the nPOR remains LOW. Case 3 shows a typical
application of the POR, where both switcher enables are tied together. Even if RDY1 ramps up slightly faster
than RDY2 (or vice versa), the nPOR signal will trigger a programmable delay before going HIGH, as explained
below.
Counter
delay
t0 t1 t2
Counter
delay
t3 t4
EN1
EN2
RDY1
NPOR
RDY2
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Figure 22. Faults Occurring in Counter Delay after Start-Up
Figure 22 details the Power Good with delay with respect to the enable signals EN1, and EN2. The RDY1, RDY2
are internal signals derived from the output of two comparators. Each comparator has been trimmed as follows:
Table 4. Comparator Trim
COMPARATOR LEVEL BUCK SUPPLY LEVEL
HIGH Greater than 92%
LOW Less than 82%
The circuits for EN1 and RDY1 are symmetrical to EN2 and RDY2, so each reference to EN1 and RDY1 will also
work for EN2 and RDY2 and vice versa.
If EN1 and RDY1 signals are High at time t1, then the RDY1 signal rising edge triggers the programmable delay
counter (130 μs, 60 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms). This delay forces nPOR LOW between time interval t1 and t2. NPOR
is then pulled high after the programmable delay is completed. Now if EN2 and RDY2 are initiated during this
interval the nPOR signal ignores this event.
If either RDY1or RDY2 were to go LOW at t3 then the programmable delay is triggered again.
Mask
Window
RDY1
t1 t2 t3 t4
t0
RDY2
Counter
delay
EN1
EN2
NPOR
Counter
delay
NPOR
Mask Time
Counter
delay
NPOR
Mask Time
EN2
0V
RDY2
Case 2:
Case 1:
Mask
Window
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Figure 23. nPOR Mask Window
In Case 1 (Figure 23), we see that case where EN2 and RDY2 are initiated after triggered programmable delay.
To prevent the nPOR being asserted again, a masked window (5 ms) counter delay is triggered off the EN2
rising edge. NPOR is still held HIGH for the duration of the mask, whereupon the nPOR status afterwards will
depend on the status of both RDY1 and RDY2 lines.
In Case 2, we see the case where EN2 is initiated after the RDY1 triggered programmable delay, but RDY2
never goes HIGH (Buck2 never turns on). Normal operation operation of nPOR occurs wilth respect to EN1 and
RDY1, and the nPOR signal is held HIGH for the duration of the mask window. We see that nPOR goes LOW
after the masking window has timed out because it is now dependent on RDY1 and RDY2, where RDY2 is LOW.
Delay Mask Counter
Delay Mask Counter
Delay NPOR
EN1
RDY1
EN2
RDY2
POR
S Q
QR
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Figure 24. Design Implementation of the Flexible Power-On Reset
Design implementation of the flexible power-on reset. An internal power-on reset of the IC is used with EN1 and
EN2 to produce a reset signal (LOW) to the delay timer nPOR. EN1 and RDY1 or EN2 and RDY2 are used to
generate the set signal (HIGH) to the delay timer. S = R = 1 never occurs. The mask timers are triggered off EN1
and EN2 which are gated with RDY1, and RDY2 to generate outputs to the final AND gate to generate the
nPOR.
8.3.1.2.12 Undervoltage Lockout
The LM26480-Q1 features an undervoltage lockout circuit. The function of this circuit is to continuously monitor
the raw input supply voltage (VINLDO12) and automatically disable the four voltage regulators whenever this
supply voltage is less than 2.8 VDC.
The circuit incorporates a bandgap based circuit that establishes the reference used to determine the 2.8 VDC
trip point for a VIN OK Not OK detector. This VIN OK signal is then used to gate the enable signals to the four
regulators of the LM26480-Q1. When VINLDO12 is greater than 2.8 VDC the four enables control the four
regulators; when VINLDO12 is less than 2.8 VDC the four regulators are disabled by the VIN detector being in
the Not OK state. The circuit has built-in hysteresis to prevent undesired signal variations.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
There are two user-controlled modes of operations. The auto switch-over or auto-mode for the buck converters is
that at high output current the regulator operates in the PWM mode. When the output draws relatively low
current, in the neighborhood of 100 mA or less, the regulator automatically switches to the power-saving PFM
mode. However, in the PFM mode, the switching frequency changes proportional to the amount of loading. In
some applications it is not desirable to have variable switching frequencies. Hence, the forced PWM (FPWM)
mode can be selected to retain a fixed nominal operating frequency to avoid interference or modulation issues in
a system at the expense of slightly increased power consumption at light loads.
LM26480
0.47 µF 10 µF
LDO
LDO_FB
Buck
Buck_
FB
C1
C2
R1
R2
R1
R2
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
9.1.1 External Component Selection
Figure 25. LDO Block Diagram
Table 5. Buck External Component Selection
TARGET
VOUT (V) IDEAL RESISTOR VALUES COMMON R VALUES ACTUAL VOUT w/
COM/R (V)
ACTUAL VOUT
DELTA FROM
TARGET (V)
FEEDBACK
CAPACITORS POWER
RAIL
R1 (K) R2 (K) R1 (K) R2 (K) C1 (pF) C2 (pF)
0.8 120 200 121 200 0.803 0.002 15 none Buck1
0.9 160 200 162 200 0.905 0.005 15 none Only
1 200 200 200 200 1 0 15 none ^
1.1 240 200 240 200 1.1 0 15 none |
1.2 280 200 280 200 1.2 0 12 none |
1.3 320 200 324 200 1.31 0.01 12 none Buck1
1.4 360 200 357 200 1.393 -0.008 10 none And
1.5 400 200 402 200 1.505 0.005 10 none Buck2
1.6 440 200 442 200 1.605 0.005 8.2 none |
1.7 427 178 432 178 1.713 0.013 8.2 none |
1.8 463 178 464 178 1.803 0.003 8.2 none |
1.9 498 178 499 178 1.902 0.002 8.2 none |
2 450 150 453 150 2.01 0.01 8.2 none >
2.1 480 150 475 150 2.083 -0.017 8.2 none ^
2.2 422 124 422 124 2.202 0.002 8.2 none |
2.3 446 124 442 124 2.282 -0.018 8.2 none |
2.4 471 124 475 124 2.415 0.015 8.2 none |
2.5 400 100 402 100 2.51 0.01 8.2 none |
2.6 420 100 422 100 2.61 0.01 8.2 none |
2.7 440 100 442 100 2.71 0.01 8.2 33 Buck2
2.8 460 100 464 100 2.82 0.02 8.2 33 Only
2.9 480 100 475 100 2.875 -0.025 8.2 33 |
3 500 100 499 100 2.995 -0.005 6.8 33 |
3.1 520 100 523 100 3.115 0.015 6.8 33 |
3.2 540 100 536 100 3.18 -0.02 6.8 33 |
3.3 560 100 562 100 3.31 0.01 6.8 33 |
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The output voltages of the bucks of the LM26480-Q1 are established by the feedback resistor dividers R1 and
R2 shown on the application circuit above. Equation 6 shows how to determine what value of V is:
VOUT = VFB (R1+R2)/R2
where
VFB is the voltage on the Buck FBx pin. (6)
The Buck control loop will force the voltage on VFB to be 0.50 V ±3%.
Table 5 shows ideal resistor values to establish buck voltages from 0.8 V to 3.3 V along with common resistor
values to establish these voltages. Common resistors do not always produce the target value, error is given in
the delta column.
In addition to the resistor feedback, capacitor feedback C1 is always required, and depending on the output
voltage capacitor C2 is also required.
INDUCTOR VALUE UNIT DESCRIPTION NOTES
LSW1,2 2.2 µH SW1,2 inductor DCR 70 m
9.1.2 Feedback Resistors for LDOs
See Figure 25.
Table 6. LDO External Component Selection
TARGET VOUT (V) IDEAL RESISTOR VALUES COMMON R VALUES ACTUAl VOUT
W/Com/R (V)
R1 (K) R2 (K) R1 (K) R2 (K)
1 200 200 200 200 1
1.1 240 200 240 200 1.1
1.2 280 200 280 200 1.2
1.3 320 200 324 200 1.31
1.4 360 200 357 200 1.393
1.5 400 200 402 200 1.505
1.6 440 200 442 200 1.605
1.7 480 200 562 232 1.711
1.8 520 200 604 232 1.802
1.9 560 200 562 200 1.905
2 600 200 604 200 2.01
2.1 640 200 715 221 2.118
2.2 680 200 681 200 2.203
2.3 720 200 806 226 2.283
2.4 760 200 845 221 2.412
2.5 800 200 750 187 2.505
2.6 840 200 909 215 2.614
2.7 880 200 1100 249 2.709
2.8 920 200 1150 249 2.809
2.9 960 200 1210 255 2.873
3 1000 200 1000 200 3
3.1 1040 200 1000 191 3.118
3.2 1080 200 1000 187 3.174
3.3 1120 200 1210 215 3.314
3.4 1160 200 1210 210 3.381
3.5 1200 200 1210 200 3.525
LM26480
LDO1_FB
VOUTLDO2
GND_L
VOUTLDO1
ENLDO1
LDO2_FB
VIN1
SW1
FB1
VINLDO2
SW2
FB2
VIN2
GND_SW2
10 µF
ENSW1
2.2 µH
ENSW2
GND_SW1
VINLDO1
SYNC
nPOR
ENLDO2
GND_C AVDD
VINLDO12
R1
R2
0.47 µF
0.47 µF
1 µF
R2
R1
1 µF
10 µF
R2
C2
C1 R1
R1 10 µF
2.2 µH
10 µF
1 µF
R2
C1
C2
1 µF
100 kŸ
DAP
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The output voltages of the LDOs of the LM26480-Q1 are established by the feedback resistor dividers R1 and
R2 shown on Figure 25 above. Equation 7 shows calculation for VOUT:
VOUT = VFB(R1+R2)/R2
where
VFB is the voltage on the LDOX_FB pin. (7)
The LDO control loop will force the voltage on VFB to be 0.50 V ±3%. The above table shows ideal resistor
values to establish LDO voltages from 1 V to 3.5 V along with common resistor values to establish these
voltages. Common resistors do not always produce the target value, error is given in the final column.
To keep the power consumed by the feedback network low it is recommended that R2 be established as about
200 k. Lesser values of R2 are okay at the users discretion.
9.2 Typical Application
Figure 26. LM26480-Q1 Application Circuit
D MAX LDO1 LDO2 BUCK1 BUCK2 IN
LDO1 INLDO1 OUTLDO1 OUTLDO1
LDO2 INLDO2 OUTLDO2 OUTLDO2
P P P P P (0.0001A V ) [Watts]
Power dissipation of LDO1(P ) (V V ) I [V A]
Power dissipation of LDO2 (P ) (V V ) I [V A]
Power dissipation of Buck1
u
u u
u u
BUCK1 IN OUT OUTBUCK1 OUTBUCK1
BUCK2 IN OUT OUTBUCK2 OUTBUCK2
(P ) P P V I (1/ 1 1) [V A]
1 efficiency of Buck1
Power dissipation of Buck2 (P ) P P V I (1/ 2 1) [V A]
2 efficiency of Buck2
u u K u
K
u u K u
K
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Typical Application (continued)
9.2.1 Design Requirements
9.2.1.1 High VIN- High Load Operation
Additional information is provided when the device is operated at extremes of VIN and regulator loads. These are
described in terms of the junction temperature and buck output ripple management.
9.2.1.2 Junction Temperature
The maximum junction temperature TJ-MAX-OP of 125°C of the device package.
Equation 8 and Equation 9 demonstrate junction temperature determination, ambient temperature TA-MAX, and
total chip power must be controlled to keep TJbelow this maximum:
TJ-MAX-OP = TA-MAX + (RθJA) [°C/Watt] × (PD-MAX) [Watts] (8)
Total IC power dissipation PD-MAX is the sum of the individual power dissipation of the four regulators plus a minor
amount for chip overhead. Chip overhead is bias, TSD, and LDO analog.
where
ηis the efficiency for the specific condition is taken from efficiency graphs. (9)
If VIN and ILOAD increase, the output ripple associated with the buck regulators also increases. This mainly occurs
with VIN > 5.2 V and a load current greater than 1.2 A. To ensure operation in this area of operation, TI
recommends that the system designer circumvents the output ripple issues by installing Schottky diodes on the
bucks(s) that are expected to perform under these extreme conditions.
9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.2.1 Output Inductors and Capacitors for SW1 AND SW2
There are several design considerations related to the selection of output inductors and capacitors:
Load transient response;
Stability;
Efficiency;
Output ripple voltage; and
Overcurrent ruggedness.
The LM26480-Q1 has been optimized for use with nominal values 2.2 µH and 10 µF. If other values are needed
for the design, please contact Texas Instruments sales with any concerns.
9.2.2.1.1 Inductor Selection for SW1 and SW2
TI recommends a nominal inductor value of 2.2 µH. It is important to ensure the inductor core does not saturate
during any foreseeable operational situation.
Care should be taken when reviewing the different saturation current ratings that are specified by different
manufacturers. Saturation current ratings are typically specified at 25°C, so ratings at maximum ambient
temperature of the application should be requested from the manufacturer.
There are two methods to choose the inductor saturation current rating:
Recommended method:
IRIPPLE
VCOUT = 8 x F x COUT
VROUT = IRIPPLE x ESRCOUT
VPPOUT = VCOUT2 + VROUT2
ISAT > ILPEAK
ILPEAK = IOUTMAX + IRIPPLE
2
IRIPPLE = (VIN ± VOUT)
L x F
D x
D = VOUT
VIN x EFF
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Typical Application (continued)
The best way to ensure the inductor does not saturate is to choose an inductor that has saturation current rating
greater than the maximum LM26480-Q1 current limit of 2.4 A. In this case the device prevents inductor
saturation.
Alternate method:
If the recommended approach cannot be used, care must be taken to ensure that the saturation current is
greater than the peak inductor current:
ISAT: Inductor saturation current at operating temperature
ILPEAK: Peak inductor current during worst case conditions
IOUTMAX: Maximum average inductor current
IRIPPLE: Peak-to-peak inductor current
VOUT: Output voltage
VIN: Input voltage
L: Inductor value in Henries at IOUTMAX
F: Switching frequency, Hertz
D: Estimated duty factor
EFF: Estimated power supply efficiency (10)
ISAT may not be exceeded during any operation, including transients, start-up, high temperature, worst-case
conditions, etc.
9.2.2.1.2 Suggested Inductors and Their Suppliers
MODEL MANUFACTURER DIMENSIONS (mm) DCR (max) (m)ISATURATION (A)
(values approx.)
DO3314-222MX Coilcraft 3.3 × 3.3 × 1.4 200 1.8
LPO3310-222MX Coilcraft 3.3 × 3.3 × 1 150 1.3
ELL6PG2R2N Panasonic 6 × 6 × 2 37 2.2
ELC6GN2R2N Panasonic 6 × 6 × 1.5 53 1.9
CDRH2D14NP-2R2NC Sumida 3.2 × 3.2 × 1.5 94 1.5
9.2.2.2 Output Capacitor Selection for SW1 and SW2
TI recommends a ceramic output capacitor of 10 µF, 6.3 V with an ESR of less than 500 m.
Output ripple can be estimated from the vector sum of the reactive (capacitor) voltage component and the real
(ESR) voltage component of the output capacitor.
VCOUT: Estimated reactive output ripple
VROUT: Estimated real output ripple
VPPOUT: Estimated peak-to-peak output ripple (11)
IRMSCIN =
©
§
2
D x IOUT2 +
©
§12
IRIPPLE
IOUT x D
CIN x F
VPPIN =+ IOUT x ESRCIN
27
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The output capacitor needs to be mounted as close as possible to the output pin of the device. For better
temperature performance, X7R or X5R types are recommended. DC bias characteristics of ceramic capacitors
must be considered when selecting case sizes like 0805 and 0603.
DC bias characteristics vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and by case size. DC bias curves should be
requested from them as part of the capacitor selection process. ESR is typically higher for smaller packages.
The output filter capacitor smooths out current flow from the inductor to the load, helps maintain a steady output
voltage during transient load changes and reduces output voltage ripple. These capacitors must be selected with
sufficient capacitance and sufficiently low ESR to perform these functions.
Note that the output voltage ripple is dependent on the inductor current ripple and the equivalent series
resistance of the output capacitor (ESRCOUT). ESRCOUT is frequency dependent as well as temperature
dependent. The RESR should be calculated with the applicable switching frequency and ambient temperature.
9.2.2.3 Input Capacitor Selection for SW1 and SW2
It is required to use a ceramic input capacitor of at least 4.7 μF and 6.3 V with an ESR of less than 500 m.
The input power source supplies average current continuously. During the PFET switch on-time, however, the
demanded di/dt is higher than can be typically supplied by the input power source. This delta is supplied by the
input capacitor.
A simplified “worst case” assumption is that all of the PFET current is supplied by the input capacitor. This will
result in conservative estimates of input ripple voltage and capacitor RMS current. Input ripple voltage is
estimated in Equation 12:
VPPIN: Estimated peak-to-peak input ripple voltage
IOUT: Output current, Amps
CIN: Input capacitor value, Farads
ESRIN: Input capacitor ESR, Ohms (12)
This capacitor is exposed to significant RMS current, so it is important to select a capacitor with an adequate
RMS current rating. Capacitor RMS current estimated as follows:
IRSCIN: Estimated input capacitor RMS current (13)
Table 7. Suggested Capacitors and Their Suppliers
MODEL TYPE VENDOR VOLTAGE RATING (V) CASE SIZE
4.7 µF for CIN
C2012X5R0J475K Ceramic, X5R TDK 6.3 0805, (2012)
JMK212BJ475K Ceramic, X5R Taiyo-Yuden 6.3 0805, (2012)
GRM21BR60J475K Ceramic, X5R Murata 6.3 0805, (2012)
C1608X5R0J475K Ceramic, X5R TDK 6.3 0603, (1608)
10 µF for COUT
GRM21BR60J106K Ceramic, X5R Murata 6.3 0805, (2012)
JMK212BJ106K Ceramic, X5R Taiyo-Yuden 6.3 0805, (2012)
C2012X5R0J106K Ceramic, X5R TDK 6.3 0805, (2012)
C1608X5R0J106K Ceramic, X5R TDK 6.3 0603, (1608)
28
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9.2.2.4 LDO Capacitor Selection
9.2.2.4.1 Input Capacitor
An input capacitor is required for stability. TI recommends that a 1-μF capacitor be connected between the LDO
input pin and ground (this capacitance value may be increased without limit). This capacitor must be located a
distance of not more than 1 cm from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Any good quality
ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor may be used at the input.
CAUTION
Tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic failures due to surge currents when
connected to a low impedance source of power (like a battery or a very large
capacitor). If a tantalum capacitor is used at the input, it must be specified by the
manufacturer to have a surge current rating sufficient for the application.
There are no requirements for the ESR on the input capacitor, but tolerance and
temperature coefficient must be considered when selecting the capacitor to ensure the
capacitance will remain approximately 1 μF over the entire operating temperature
range.
9.2.2.4.2 Output Capacitor
The LDOs on the LM26480-Q1 are designed specifically to work with very small ceramic output capacitors. A 1-
μF ceramic capacitor (temperature types Z5U, Y5V, or X7R) with ESR between 5 mto 500 m, are suitable in
the application circuit. It is also possible to use tantalum or film capacitors at the device output COUT (or VOUT),
but these are not as attractive for reasons of size and cost. The output capacitor must meet the requirement for
the minimum value of capacitance and also have an ESR value that is within the range 5 mto 500 mfor
stability.
9.2.2.4.3 Capacitor Characteristics
The LDOs are designed to work with ceramic capacitors on the output to take advantage of the benefits they
offer. For capacitance values in the range of 0.47 μF to 4.7 μF, ceramic capacitors are the smallest, least
expensive and have the lowest ESR values, thus making them best for eliminating high frequency noise. The
ESR of a typical 1-μF ceramic capacitor is in the range of 20 mto 40 m, which easily meets the ESR
requirement for stability for the LDOs.
For both input and output capacitors, careful interpretation of the capacitor specification is required to ensure
correct device operation. The capacitor value can change greatly, depending on the operating conditions and
capacitor type.
In particular, the output capacitor selection should take account of all the capacitor parameters, to ensure that the
specification is met within the application. The capacitance can vary with DC bias conditions as well as
temperature and frequency of operation. Capacitor values will also show some decrease over time due to aging.
The capacitor parameters are also dependent on the particular case size, with smaller sizes giving poorer
performance figures in general. As an example, Figure 27 shows a typical graph comparing different capacitor
case sizes in a capacitance vs. DC bias plot.
0402, 6.3V, X5R
0603, 10V, X5R
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
DC BIAS (V)
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
CAP VALUE (% of NOMINAL 1 PF)
29
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Figure 27. Capacitance vs DC Bias
As shown in Figure 27, increasing the DC bias condition can result in the capacitance value that falls below the
minimum value given in the recommended capacitor specifications table. Note that the graph shows the
capacitance out of spec for the 0402 case size capacitor at higher bias voltages. It is therefore recommended
that the capacitor manufacturers’ specifications for the nominal value capacitor are consulted for all conditions,
as some capacitor sizes (such as 0402) may not be suitable in the actual application.
The ceramic capacitor’s capacitance can vary with temperature. The capacitor type X7R, which operates over a
temperature range of 55°C to 125°C, will only vary the capacitance to within ±15%. The capacitor type X5R has
a similar tolerance over a reduced temperature range of 55°C to 85°C. Many large value ceramic capacitors,
larger than 1 μF are manufactured with Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristics. Their capacitance can drop by
more than 50% as the temperature varies from 25°C to 85°C. Therefore X7R is recommended over Z5U and
Y5V in applications where the ambient temperature will change significantly above or below 25°C.
Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramic for use as output capacitors because they are more
expensive when comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the 0.47-μF to 4.7-μF range. Another
important consideration is that tantalum capacitors have higher ESR values than equivalent size ceramics. This
means that while it may be possible to find a tantalum capacitor with an ESR value within the stable range, it
would have to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and more costly) than a ceramic capacitor with the
same ESR value. It should also be noted that the ESR of a typical tantalum will increase about 2:1 as the
temperature goes from 25°C down to 40°C, so some guard band must be allowed.
Table 8. Capacitor Characteristics
CAPACITOR MIN VALUE (µF) DESCRIPTION RECOMMENDED TYPE
CLDO1 0.47 LDO1 output capacitor Ceramic, 6.3V, X5R
CLDO2 0.47 LDO2 output capacitor
CSW1 10 SW1 output capacitor
CSW2 10 SW2 output capacitor
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9.2.3 Application Curves
VIN = 0 to 3.6 V VOUT = 2.5 V Load = 1 mA
Figure 28. Enable Start-Up Time (LDO1)
VIN = 0 to 3.6 V VOUT = 1.8 V Load = 1 mA
Figure 29. Enable Start-Up Time (LDO2)
VIN = 1.2 V Load = 1.5 A
Figure 30. Start-Up Into PWM Mode
VIN = 3 V Load = 1.5 A
Figure 31. Start-Up Into PWM Mode
VIN = 1.2 V Load = 30 mA
Figure 32. Start-Up Into PFM Mode
VIN = 3 V Load = 30 mA
Figure 33. Start-Up Into PFM Mode
31
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
All power inputs should be tied to the main VDD source (that is, a battery), unless the user wishes to power it
from another source. (that is, powering LDO from Buck output).
The analog VDD inputs power the internal bias and error amplifiers, so they should be tied to the main VDD. The
analog VDD inputs must have an input voltage between 2.8 V and 5.5 V, as specified in the Recommended
Operating Conditions: Bucks section of this datasheet.
The other VIN pins (VINLDO1, VINLDO2, VIN1, VIN2) can actually have inputs lower than 2.8 V, as long as they
are higher than the programmed output (0.3 V). The analog and digital grounds should be tied together outside
of the chip to reduce noise coupling.
11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
PC board layout is an important part of DC-DC converter design. Poor board layout can disrupt the performance
of a DC-DC converter and surrounding circuitry by contributing to EMI, ground bounce, and resistive voltage loss
ii the traces. These can send erroneous signals to the DC-DC converter device, resulting in poor regulation or
instability. Poor layout can also result in re-flow problems leading to poor solder joints, which can result in erratic
or degraded performance.
Good layout for the LM26480-Q1 bucks can be implemented by following a few simple design rules, as shown in
Figure 34.
1. Place the buck inductor and filter capacitors close together and make the trace short. The traces between
these components carry relatively high switching currents and act as antennas. Following this rule reduces
radiated noise. Place the capacitors and inductor close to the buck.
2. Arrange the components so that the switching current loops curl in the same direction. During the first halt of
each cycle, current flows from the input filter capacitor, through the buck and inductor to the output filter
capacitor and back through ground, forming a current loop. In the second half of each cycle, current is pulled
up from ground, through the buck by the inductor, to the output filter capacitor and then back through ground,
forming a second current loop. Routing these loops so the current curls in the same direction prevents
magnetic field reversal between the two half-cycles and reduces radiated noise.
3. Connect the ground pins of the buck, and filter capacitors together using generous component-side copper
fill as a pseudo-ground plane. Then connect this to the ground-plane (if one is used) with several vias. This
reduces ground–plane noise by preventing the switching currents from circulating through the ground plane.
It also reduces ground bounce at the buck by giving it a low-impedance ground connection.
4. Use wide traces between the power components and for power connections to the DC-DC converter circuit.
This reduces voltage errors caused by resistive losses across the traces
5. ROUT noise sensitive traces, such as the voltage feedback path, away from noisy traces between the power
components. The voltage feedback trace must remain close to the buck circuit and should be routed directly
from FB to VOUT at the output capacitor and must be routed opposite to noise components. This reduces
EMI radiated onto the DC-DC converter’s own voltage feedback trace.
In mobile phones, for example, a common practice is to place the DC-DC converter on one corner of the board,
arrange the CMOS digital circuitry around it (because this also generates noise), and then place sensitive
preamplifiers and IF stages on the diagonally opposing corner. Often, the sensitive circuitry is shielded with a
metal pan and power to it is post-regulated to reduce conducted noise, using low-dropout linear regulators.
For more information on board layout techniques, refer to AN-1187 Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP) on TI's
website. This application note also discusses package handling, solder stencil, and the assembly process.
Cin and Cout caps
should be placed very
close to VIN and GND
pads.
VIN, SW, VOUT,
GND, Cin and Cout
traces should be
thick and carry high
currents.
Route feedback network and traces away from switch
node and inductor to reduce noise injection from SW node
32
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11.2 Layout Example
Figure 34. Board Layout Design Rules for the LM26480-Q1
33
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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Device Support
12.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
TI'S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
OR A WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, EITHER
ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
12.2 Documentation Support
12.2.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation, see the following:
AN-1187 Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP)
Enhancing Bit-Flip Recovery and PMU Design for Defense/Industrial Applications
Power Supply Design Considerations for Modern FPGAs
AN-1800 Evaluation Kit for LM26480 - Dual DC/DC Buck Regulators with Dual Low-Noise Linear Regulators
12.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
12.4 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
12.5 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
12.7 Glossary
SLYZ022 TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 18-Nov-2017
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LM26480QSQ-AA/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN RTW 24 1000 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 26480QA
LM26480QSQ-CF/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN RTW 24 1000 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 26480CF
LM26480QSQX-8D/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN RTW 24 4500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 26480QD
LM26480QSQX-AA/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN RTW 24 4500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 26480QA
LM26480QSQX-CF/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN RTW 24 4500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 26480CF
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based
flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 18-Nov-2017
Addendum-Page 2
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LM26480-Q1 :
Catalog: LM26480
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
Catalog - TI's standard catalog product
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LM26480QSQ-AA/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 1000 178.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM26480QSQ-CF/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 1000 178.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM26480QSQX-8D/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 4500 330.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM26480QSQX-AA/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 4500 330.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM26480QSQX-CF/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 4500 330.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 18-Nov-2017
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LM26480QSQ-AA/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0
LM26480QSQ-CF/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0
LM26480QSQX-8D/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 4500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM26480QSQX-AA/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 4500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM26480QSQX-CF/NOPB WQFN RTW 24 4500 367.0 367.0 35.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 18-Nov-2017
Pack Materials-Page 2
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PACKAGE OUTLINE
C
24X 0.3
0.2
24X 0.5
0.3
0.8 MAX
(0.1) TYP
0.05
0.00
20X 0.5
2X
2.5
2X 2.5
2.6 0.1
A4.1
3.9 B
4.1
3.9
WQFN - 0.8 mm max heightRTW0024A
PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK - NO LEAD
4222815/A 03/2016
PIN 1 INDEX AREA
0.08 C
SEATING PLANE
1
613
18
7 12
24 19
(OPTIONAL)
PIN 1 ID 0.1 C A B
0.05 C
EXPOSED
THERMAL PAD
25
NOTES:
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only. Dimensioning and tolerancing
per ASME Y14.5M.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
3. The package thermal pad must be soldered to the printed circuit board for thermal and mechanical performance.
SCALE 3.000
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EXAMPLE BOARD LAYOUT
0.07 MIN
ALL AROUND
0.07 MAX
ALL AROUND
24X (0.25)
24X (0.6)
( ) TYP
VIA
0.2
20X (0.5)
(3.8)
(3.8)
(1.05)
( 2.6)
(R )
TYP
0.05
(1.05)
WQFN - 0.8 mm max heightRTW0024A
PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK - NO LEAD
4222815/A 03/2016
SYMM
1
6
712
13
18
19
24
SYMM
LAND PATTERN EXAMPLE
SCALE:15X
25
NOTES: (continued)
4. This package is designed to be soldered to a thermal pad on the board. For more information, see Texas Instruments literature
number SLUA271 (www.ti.com/lit/slua271).
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
METAL UNDER
SOLDER MASK
SOLDER MASK
DEFINED
METAL
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
SOLDER MASK DETAILS
NON SOLDER MASK
DEFINED
(PREFERRED)
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EXAMPLE STENCIL DESIGN
24X (0.6)
24X (0.25)
20X (0.5)
(3.8)
(3.8)
4X ( 1.15)
(0.675)
TYP
(0.675) TYP
(R ) TYP0.05
WQFN - 0.8 mm max heightRTW0024A
PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK - NO LEAD
4222815/A 03/2016
NOTES: (continued)
5. Laser cutting apertures with trapezoidal walls and rounded corners may offer better paste release. IPC-7525 may have alternate
design recommendations.
SYMM
METAL
TYP
SOLDER PASTE EXAMPLE
BASED ON 0.125 mm THICK STENCIL
EXPOSED PAD 25:
78% PRINTED SOLDER COVERAGE BY AREA UNDER PACKAGE
SCALE:20X
SYMM
1
6
712
13
18
19
24
25
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products are intended to help enable customers to design and create their own applications that meet applicable functional safety standards
and requirements. Using products in an application does not by itself establish any safety features in the application. Designers must
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Life-critical medical equipment is medical equipment where failure of such equipment would cause serious bodily injury or death (e.g., life
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TI may expressly designate certain products as completing a particular qualification (e.g., Q100, Military Grade, or Enhanced Product).
Designers agree that it has the necessary expertise to select the product with the appropriate qualification designation for their applications
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Designer will fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages, costs, losses, and/or liabilities arising out of Designer’s non-
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